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| website = }} Tyre (Arabic: (unicode:صور), ''(unicode:Ṣūr)''; Phoenician: , ''(unicode:Ṣur)''; , ''Tzor''; Tiberian Hebrew (unicode:צר), ''(unicode:Ṣōr)''; Akkadian: , ''(unicode:Ṣurru)''; Greek: (unicode:Τύρος), ''Týros''; (トルコ語:Sur); (ラテン語:Tyrus)), Armenian Տիր (), sometimes romanized as Sour, is a city in the South Governorate of Lebanon. There were approximately 117,000 inhabitants in 2003.〔(Lebanon – city population )〕 However, the government of Lebanon has released only rough estimates of population numbers since 1932, so an accurate statistical accounting is not possible.〔(Lebanon Population )〕 Tyre juts out from the coast of the Mediterranean and is located about south of Beirut. The name of the city means "rock"〔(Bikai, P., "The Land of Tyre", in Joukowsky, M., ''The Heritage of Tyre'', 1992, chapter 2, p. 13)〕 after the rocky formation on which the town was originally built. The adjective for Tyre is ''Tyrian'', and the inhabitants are ''Tyrians''. Tyre is an ancient Phoenician city and the legendary birthplace of Europa and Elissa (Dido). Today it is the fourth largest city in Lebanon〔(Tyre City, Lebanon )〕 and houses one of the nation's major ports. Tourism is a major industry. The city has a number of ancient sites, including its Roman Hippodrome which was added to UNESCO's list of World Heritage Sites in 1979.〔Resolution 459〕〔(Lebanon's Archaeological Heritage ) 〕 ==History== Tyre originally consisted of two distinct urban centers, Tyre itself, which was on an island just off shore, and the associated settlement of Ushu on the adjacent mainland. Alexander the Great connected the island to the mainland by constructing a causeway during his siege of the city,〔Presutta, David. ''The Biblical Cosmos Versus Modern Cosmology''. 2007, page 225, referencing: Katzenstein, H.J., ''The History of Tyre'', 1973, p.9〕 demolishing the old city to reuse its cut stone.〔Robin Lane fox, ''Alexander the Great'' 1973:181f.〕 The original island city had two harbours, one on the south side and the other on the north side of the island. It was these two harbours that enabled Tyre to gain the maritime prominence that it did; the harbour on the north side of the island was, in fact, one of the best harbours on the eastern end of the Mediterranean. The harbour on the south side has silted over, but the harbour on the north side (see Tyre harbor photo to the right) is still in use.〔See Jidejian, Nina. ''Tyre Through the Ages'', 1969, for further information about the history of Tyre and its present condition.〕 In ancient times, the island city of Tyre was heavily fortified (with defensive walls high) and the mainland settlement, originally called Ushu (later called Palaetyrus, meaning "Old Tyre," by the ancient Greeks) was actually more like a line of suburbs than any one city and was used primarily as a source of water and timber for the main island city.〔('Tyre' from Encyclopædia Britannica 11th ed. )〕 Josephus records that the two fought against each other on occasion,〔(Historical references to Tyre )〕 although most of the time they supported one another because they both benefited from the island city's wealth from maritime trade and the mainland area's source of timber, water and burial grounds. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Tyre, Lebanon」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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